The knowledge of Kōlam patterns is transferred orally through generations amongst women as they learn by observing their relatives perform this ritual daily. The designs vary daily, from a simple star pattern of opposing, interlocking triangles to highly complex labyrinthine designs that are not easily comprehended (Brooke 1953 Kramrisch 1983, 1985 Layard 1937 Nagarajan 1993, 1998a, 1998b, 2012 Pillai & Saroja 1987 Saroja 1992 Steiman 1988 Thiruvenkatampillai et al. Working with great dexterity and speed, the women make highly intricate and complex designs that vary according to events or days of the Hindu calendar (see video).
#Kola krishnaveni series
The process involves concentration, memory and a series of disciplined hand and body movements.
The patterns of lines and curves are based on a grid of pullis (dots) that are encircled, looped or joined using straight or curved lines.
The kōlam patterns are drawn deftly by women with the tips of their fingers using pinches of flour held between the thumb and the first finger and letting the powder fall in a continuous line by moving the hand in desired directions (Siromoney 1978). In the contemporary time, to cut down costs white chalk or stone powder (available in packets in market) is mixed with a certain proportion with rice powder. A symbol of auspiciousness and divinity, kōlam is made with rice flour, finely ground rice powder /paste (called kola-podi in Tamil ) or at times vegetable and mineral based coloured powders on carefully swept grounds (revered as Bhudevi or Mother Earth). Sometimes referred to in English as household marks or threshold designs, the word kōlam in the Tamil language means form and beauty (Nagarajan 2012). In Tamil culture, the threshold is of great significance as the meeting point of the internal and the external and kōlam is one of the many manifestations of that significance.
Each day before dawn, during the Brahma muhurtam (believed to be the time when Brahma and all other deities descend to the earth) and sometimes before dusk, millions of women in the town, villages and the cities of Tamil Nadu (and Pondicherry) draw kōlam on the thresholds and floors of houses, temples and businesses. JETIR is Scholarly Open Access, Peer-Reviewed (Peer Review), Refereed, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage, Online, Print Journal, ISSN Approved Journal Call for PaperKōlam is a daily women’s ritualistic art form created by Tamil Hindu women throughout Tamil Nadu in southeastern India. JETIR is Scholarly Open Access, Peer-Reviewed (Peer Review), Refereed, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage, Online, Print Journal, ISSN Approved Journal Submit Paper : Recent Published Issue: Click Here to visit. Peer-reviewed & Refereed Journal ISSN and UGC approved, ugc approved journal JETIR- Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research Peer-reviewed & Refereed Journal ISSN and UGC approved, ugc approved journal JETIR- Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research Journal JETIR follow UGC CARE, ugc approved journal, ugc care Journal, UGC-CARE, UGC CARE list, ugc approved journal, UGC CARE, ugc approved list of journal, ugc approved list of journal, ugc care journal, UGC CARE list, UGCCARE, care journal, UGC-CARE list, New UGC-CARE Reference List, UGC CARE Journals, ugc care list of journal, ugc care list 2021, ugc care approved journal, ugc care list 2021, new ugc approved journal in 2021, ugc care approved list 2021, ugc approved journal in 2021 : ugc approved journal in 14may2019 before care approved journal and Valid as per new UGC Gazette regulations for UGC regulations on minimum qualifications for appointment of teachers and other academic staff in universities and colleges Peer-reviewed, and Refereed Journal is valid and point in Publication. Journal JETIR follow UGC CARE, ugc approved journal, ugc care Journal, UGC-CARE, UGC CARE list, ugc approved journal, UGC CARE, ugc approved list of journal, ugc approved list of journal, ugc care journal, UGC CARE list, UGCCARE, care journal, UGC-CARE list, New UGC-CARE Reference List, UGC CARE Journals, ugc care list of journal, ugc care list 2021, ugc care approved journal, ugc care list 2021, new ugc approved journal in 2021, ugc care approved list 2021, ugc approved journal in 2021 : ugc approved journal in 14may2019 before care approved journal and Valid as per new UGC Gazette regulations for UGC regulations on minimum qualifications for appointment of teachers and other academic staff in universities and colleges Peer-reviewed, and Refereed Journal is valid and point in Publication.
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